In today’s EUC environments, organizations need to ensure their infrastructure is secure and their users can access the resources they need. One way to achieve this is through Single Sign-On (SSO), which allows users to log into multiple applications with a single set of credentials. SAML authentication is a popular SSO solution, and Citrix Federated Authentication Service (FAS) plays a crucial role in this process.
What is SAML authentication?
SAML authentication is a widely used protocol for Single Sign-On (SSO) that enables users to log into multiple applications using a single set of credentials. SAML is based on the exchange of XML-based security tokens between a Service Provider (SP) and an Identity Provider (IdP).
Service Provider (SP): The SP is the application or service that the user is trying to access. The SP trusts the IdP to authenticate the user and relies on the SAML assertion to grant the user access to the application or service. The SP can be an internal application or a cloud-based service.
Identity Provider (IdP): The IdP is responsible for authenticating the user and providing a SAML assertion to the Service Provider. The IdP can be an external provider, such as a social media platform, or an internal provider, such as an organization’s Active Directory.
What is the added value of Citrix FAS?
- Improved user experience: By using SAML authentication, users only need to log in once to access multiple applications, improving their overall experience. Citrix FAS makes this process even smoother by integrating with the user’s existing authentication system.
- Increased security: SAML authentication adds an extra layer of security to the login process, as the user’s credentials are verified by the Identity Provider (IdP) before they are granted access to the Service Provider (SP). With Citrix FAS, this process is further strengthened as FAS integrates with the user’s existing security systems to provide a secure SSO solution.
- Scalability: SAML authentication is a scalable solution that can be easily integrated with multiple applications, making it a suitable choice for organizations of any size. Citrix FAS adds to this scalability by integrating with the organization’s existing infrastructure, making it easier to manage and scale the SSO solution as the organization grows.
- Compliance: Many industries and organizations have strict security and privacy regulations that must be met. SAML authentication helps organizations meet these regulations by providing a secure SSO solution. With Citrix FAS, organizations can ensure they are compliant with these regulations by integrating their existing security systems with the SAML authentication solution.
How to make Citrix FAS more secure?
There are a few steps that can help with securing a Citrix FAS server:
- Access control
Limit access to the FAS server to only authorized personnel and use role-based access control to ensure that each user has the minimum necessary privileges to perform their job functions.
- Network security
Ensure that the FAS server is isolated and is only accessible through a secure connection. Use firewalls to block all unnecessary incoming and outgoing network traffic.
- Operating system security
Keep the operating system and associated software up-to-date with the latest security patches and updates. Disable any unnecessary services.
- Encryption
Encrypt all data transmitted to and from the FAS server, including user credentials, SAML assertions, and session data.
- Logging and monitoring
Enable logging on the FAS server to capture important security events, such as user logins and failed authentication attempts. Regularly review log data to identify and respond to security incidents in a timely manner.
- Backup and disaster recovery
You need to be able to rebuild your FAS Server, it can be performed either by using a regular backup of the FAS server configuration and data or by having an automated building solution. As usual, you need to test disaster recovery procedures periodically to ensure that they are effective.
- Third-party security
Evaluate the security of third-party components and services that are used in conjunction with the FAS server, such as IdPs, SPs, and authentication systems.
Citrix recommends securing Citrix FAS servers like a Domain Controller. You can find information from Microsoft on how to secure this kind of server here:
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/identity/ad-ds/plan/security-best-practices/best-practices-for-securing-active-directory
How to protect the users’ private keys?
Since Citrix FAS is generating one certificate in order to authenticate each user, the private key needs to be protected. You can use one of the following solutions:
- Microsoft Enhanced RSA and AES Cryptographic Provider or Microsoft Software Key Storage Provider for both the RA certificate and the user certificates’ private keys.
- Microsoft Platform Key Storage Provider with a Trusted Platform Module (TPM) chip for the RA certificate’s private key, and Microsoft Enhanced RSA and AES Cryptographic Provider or Microsoft Software Key Storage Provider for the user certificates’ private keys.
- A Hardware Security Module (HSM) vendor’s Cryptographic Service or Key Storage Provider with the HSM device for both the RA certificate and the user certificates’ private keys.
The configuration is covered in the following article: https://docs.citrix.com/en-us/federated-authentication-service/config-manage/private-key-protection.html
An HSM can help secure a Citrix FAS server by providing secure storage and protection for sensitive data and cryptographic keys. An HSM can help in several ways:
- Key protection: An HSM can securely store cryptographic keys, such as private keys and digital certificates, which are used to sign SAML assertions and encrypt sensitive data. By storing these keys in a secure, tamper-resistant device, organizations can prevent unauthorized access to their keys and ensure the integrity of their data.
- Data encryption: An HSM can perform encryption and decryption operations, ensuring that sensitive data, such as user credentials and SAML assertions, is protected from unauthorized access.
- Tamper protection: An HSM is designed to prevent tampering, ensuring that the data and keys stored within the device are not altered or deleted. If an attacker tries to tamper with the device, the HSM will typically erase its data or shut down to prevent further tampering.
- Physical security: An HSM is a physical device that can be locked down in a secure location, providing an additional layer of security beyond software-based encryption solutions.